This page shows the taxonomy structure of the EO services organised thematically. There are 6 classes of service as shown on the tabs. Each class contains a number of thematic sectors into which the EO services are grouped.
- Thematic Sector: this is the classification of the grouped EO services.
- Client view: These are each EO service described as a client may wish.
- Key-words: these define the products which can make up an EO service.
Thematic Sector | EO Services | Description |
|---|---|---|
Agriculture | agri-environment | |
bad weather, impact on crops | ||
crop health (disease and stress), crop acreage and yield harvest (inventories / statistics), crop types (extent, growth, health, stress), crop yields | ||
illegal crops | ||
soil water index, surface soil moisture, run-off | ||
Forests | deforestation, degradation maps | |
storm, insect damage impact maps | ||
forest biomass (diversity, health, extent), forest type, forest classification (cover density), tree cover density (canopy coverage) | ||
illicit logging | ||
forest location, extent and tree cover density | ||
| Monitor forest carbon content | emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) | |
Inland Water | water quality, pollution, turbidity, suspended sediment concentrations (quantitative, qualitative), waterbody (temperature, extent, volume, quantity), algal blooms | |
water run-off (water quantity), hydrological network and catchment areas (water catchment) | ||
inland ice | ||
Snow & Ice | glacier | |
snow cover | ||
Land Ecosystems | critical habitat maps, wildlife corridors, linear features (hedges and boundaries, vegetation index (FAPAR; NDVI, LAI), vegetation stress, stem volume, soil moisture | |
environmental assessment | ||
pollution | ||
| Monitor land cover and detect change | arid areas, wet areas, erosion potential, CORINE (characterization & classification), soil sealing | |
Land use | illicit mining | |
land accounting (use, parcels), cadastral, land use & quality | ||
land administration, land use studies | ||
monitoring of settlements | ||
population pressures / migration | ||
Monitor vegetation encroachment | mapping of terrain, infrastructure and operations, pipeline corridor status, encroachment | |
Topography | Baseline mapping | Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), Digital Surface Model (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), terrain roughness measure, slope stability (curvature, aspect), surface deformation maps and profiles |
Measure and detect land surface change | surface movement: sand dunes, pipeline routes (corridor status), soil erosion | |
reservoir compartmentalization & optimization, permafrost zone stability, ground displacement: fault identification, reactivation & discontinuities, uplift, subsidence, heave. | ||
Geology | near surface features, lithology features, linear disturbance features: faults & discontinuities | |
seismic (survey, coupling, logistics) | ||
mineral workings / ground surface, illegal activities | ||
| Identify hydrocarbon seeps in soil | hydrocarbon seepage (oil seeps) detection (near surface geology: faults, fractures, unconformities or carrier beds) |
Thematic Area | EO Service | Description |
|---|---|---|
Monitor built environment | ||
Understanding human settlements on the outskirts and near rural areas. Mapping and evolution characterization of human interactions (environmental, population and habitat fragmentation, soil sealing and socio-economic) of rural areas and surroundings, urban sprawl, green urban areas. | ||
| Monitor urban green and blue areas | Monitor green and blue urban areas (in relation to urban form, energy use and carbon emissions). It is about the estimation of urban energy fluxes at a neighbourhood scale (urban energy balance) using land cover, Digital Surface Models (DSM), surface roughness parameters (such as plan area index, frontal area index, roughness length and zero-displacement height), urban ecosystem restoration, urban heat island effect, green corridors, garden monitors. | |
Construction site surveying and progress mapping, comprising surrounding ground as well as displacements of key components of such structures. There is a need for Near Real Time (NRT) data delivery and measuring stress. | ||
Monitor infrastructure & installations | Assess damage from industrial accidents | Assess structural integrity of the infrastructure, site suitability and vulnerability. Connection with disaster risk reduction (emergency response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction). |
| Asset infrastructure monitoring | Industrial activity assessment, monitoring of functional planning zones, exploit correlation with industrial activity to improve the model of subsurface, site suitability and vulnerability, land cover, infrastructure, dyke monitoring, emergency airport planning, etc. | |
| Map and monitor solar energy (solar farms) | Urban solar mapping and understanding the basic characteristics of solar radiation over specific monitoring locations including estimating the variability of solar radiation for site selection and grid data/operators. Solar monitoring services use time series, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) and Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), shadow mask. | |
Understand where wind farms can be sited most cost-effectively and monitor and map wind energy fields (design and operation), wind roses, wind speed & direction. | ||
| Map and monitor hydroelectric energy | Hydrological network mapping (drainage navigation erosion) including hydropower grid monitoring and resource assessment. Water resource (reservoirs) monitoring, hydrological modelling and flood forecasting and mapping (dams). | |
Monitor transport networks | Landscape visibility mapping and analysis, including spatial planning, terrain mapping (DTMs), land surface, map transmission and land routes. | |
Transportation systems, interdependencies and industrial progress planning including site, soft ground and network mapping, highway environmental monitoring and assessment, identification of road or track for logistics planning. | ||
| Monitor waste | Monitor land pollution and waste management | Identifying illegal dumping and waste management and disposal for law enforcement. Landfills and dump sites emit large quantities of methane, quantify the emissions from these large sites in a single snapshot (maps) and do it frequently, surface and subsurface soil contamination monitoring, Land use/Land cover (LU/LC) maps which depict the physical characteristics of the surface, dry matter productivity, migration of pollutants and imperviousness land surface are parameters needed for this service. |
Thematic Sector | EO Service | Description |
|---|---|---|
Marine ecosystem | algal bloom (phytoplankton), ocean colour compositte (chl-a, swath, qualitative, quantitative), sea surface temperature (SST) | |
turbidity & pollutants | ||
oil spill threats (early warning), natural oil seepage, | ||
gas flares and oil rigs | ||
| Monitor marine habitats | algal blooms, marine mammals, sea surface temperature, sediments, plumes, dredging operation | |
Coastal | charting / shallow water bathymetry | |
waterbody nutrients / productivity (chlorophyll-a concentration), coastal, littoral and subtidal habitat (mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass canopy density) | ||
sea rise | ||
Assess and monitor coastal water quality | sediment (qualitative, quantitative), turbidity (quality, quantitative), visibility, chlorophyll-a concentration | |
Monitor the coast line | coastal land cover, shoreline change and coastal morphology (coastal terrain models) | |
Metocean | ocean dynamics and circulation: tides and ocean currents (surface current models for tides), sea surface salinity (internal waves, eddies and frontal areas), upwelling | |
derived winds (speed, direction, stress) and waves (current veins, swell-maps: sea surface heigh), wave exposure (fetch, averaged directional wind speed and bathymetry), sea surface roughness (rain cells) | ||
extreme waves / tsunami | ||
atmospheric front, local weather phenomena, cloud structure, winds and waves, sea-surface temperature and sea-surface height | ||
Fisheries | fish-shoal location | |
illegal fishing | ||
Ships | Detect ships in critical areas | shipping and navigation |
ship | ||
Sea-ice and icebergs |
Thematic Areas | EO Service | Description |
|---|---|---|
Monitor the atmosphere | Pollution and greenhouse gas emission monitoring. Measuring atmospheric concentrations and characterizing the micrometeorology or using atmospheric dispersion models to back-calculate the emission rates that gave the concentrations observed. Air quality/pollution source maps (CH4, CO2, NO2 & SO2, Particulate Matter, maps of average pollutant flux PM2.5, PM10). | |
Monitor atmosphere composition | Monitoring present conditions and forecasting the distribution (transportation), for a few days ahead, of both anthropogenic and naturally occurring key greenhouse gases (GHG) like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), or reactive gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), etc. | |
While the solar radiation impacting the top of the atmosphere can be well modelled, the solar radiation arriving at the surface is dependent on the atmospheric transmission and turbidity and aerosol optical depth. Forecasting and risk assessment amount of solar (sunlight) radiation which reaches the surface of the planet (UV, radiation measures, models). | ||
Monitor climate change | Measuring carbon stocks, especially aboveground biomass and providing an overview of a range of approaches that have been developed and used to map biomass across a diverse set of conditions and geographic areas (quantifying stem volume and carbon stock changes). It also includes historical climate data. | |
Assess current and future vulnerability to climate change including variability caused by a perturbation of the climate system and associated atmospheric composition (aerosol, ozone and greenhouse gases) driven by human activities). The radiative forcing measures the imbalance in the surface solar irradiance and is a useful predictor of globally averaged temperature change. | ||
Forecast the weather (meteo) | Monitor and forecast weather conditions such as temperature, storms, precipitation, heat waves and tropical cyclones – as well as other hazards influenced by weather, like floods or dispersion of atmospheric or marine pollution. |
Thematic Area | EO Services | Description |
|---|---|---|
Assess disasters & geohazards (emergency) | Map and assess the extent of the flooding event (floods map, exposure), floodplain mapping, flood risk dynamic assessment and management of water buffer areas (overflow). Measure a variety of physical and biological parameters (incl. turbidity levels) in aquatic ecosystems over small and large areas. Products look into the flood impact and extent in phases such as early warning (early/quick/rapid detection), response and recovery monitoring. | |
Mapping, monitoring, early warning (quick/rapid detection) and assessment of trigger events, unstable areas (rainfall influence) such as landslides (dynamic risk damage, slope instability, subsidence detection, fault and discontinuity maps (vector or raster), ground deformation and motion). Associated services include support for the evacuation of areas prone to collapse or the identification of suitable areas for urban replacement. | ||
Assess ground deformation associated with volcanoes, seismic activity, volcanic eruptions (pre-eruptive, sin-eruptive, gas emissions, atmospheric ash, dispersion, heat flux). Rapid damage estimation (prevention), earthquake damage extent (loss adjuster dispatch). Impact on land cover and landscape (changes). Early warning (quick/rapid detection) and tracking of unrest / eruptive activity using satellite data in support of hazards mitigation activities. Map of the recent lava flows. | ||
Use optical data to detect and monitor the heat emitted by the fires [forest fire risk (extent, burnt scars) under rapid damage estimation, fire weather index[1] damage, fire protection, rapid damage estimation (prevention, insurance)]. Impact on global atmospheric emissions, with biomass burning to contribute to the risk on human health (besides direct effects, PM2.5, PM10 health impacts) and also to global budgets of greenhouse gases (GHG) like carbon dioxide etc. Monitoring of risk prevention factors [early warning (early/quick/rapid detection)] and issuing alerts for high risk locations. | ||
Mapping and monitoring of seismic exposure (e.g. population distribution and density in high-seismic-hazard areas). Earthquake disaster prevention, early warning (early/quick/rapid detection), recovery (reconstruction monitoring, residual risk assessment, dynamic risk assessment, information, damage). Extracting background information on seismic, inter-seismic deformations, slip rates & active faults, stress transfer on faults, rapid damage estimation (prevention), change detection and preliminary damage map earthquake damage extent (loss adjuster dispatch). | ||
| Map disaster areas and multi hazard assessment | Assess overall disaster risk maps in an appropriate format by using space, in-situ and location-based disaster risk information, vulnerability, capacity, exposure, hazard characteristics and their possible sequential effects at the relevant social and spatial scale on ecosystems, in line with national circumstances. Products will include disaster recovery maps and rapid mapping for crises, humanitarian aid maps (population density, infrastructure, logistical information), vulnerability assessment, damage assessment. Important to note the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. |
Thematic Sector | EO Service | Description |
|---|---|---|
Security | geospatial intelligence, sensitive risk areas (mines, unexploded objects (UXO), de-mining), high risk areas, precision mapping | |
humanitarian aid maps | ||
border area monitoring. | ||
Monitor movement of people | migration and cleansing | |
Monitor economic activity | legal and illegal activities | |
Monitor transport routes | transportation of legal and illegal goods, trafficking | |
daily disease risk maps, NDVI, land cover, soil type |
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