| Challenge | Source | Theme | Topic | Generic | Pre-license | Exploration | Development | Production | Decommission |
|---|
| Air quality (emissions) monitoring | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Anticipating areas of high seismic impedance | OTM | Seismic planning | Areas of poor coupling | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Assessing the social impact of construction work | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avoiding aerial mapping restrictions | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Change detection of coastline migration | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Baseline historic mapping of environment and ecosystems | on-shore | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Change detection for competitive intelligence | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Coastal resource mapping of mangroves, coral-reefs, wetlands and sandbanks | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Coastal sediment dynamics, estuarine fronts and land-ocean interactions | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Coastal upwelling | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Commercial and recreational fisheries | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Commercial shipping | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Convective downbursts | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Creating an ecosystem inventory prior to exploration | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Creating basemaps in politically sensitive regions | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Current at depth observations | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Detecting ecosystem damages | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Detecting hydrocarbon leaks | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Detection and monitoring of pollutant discharges | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Determine historical ground movement for infrastructure planning | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Infrastructure monitoring | on-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Determine historical ground movement for pipeline routing | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Infrastructure monitoring | on-shore | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Distribution and abundance of marine animals | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Distribution and abundance of sea birds | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Drilling survey preparation: Environmental conditions | CLS | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Drilling survey preparation: Metocean conditions hindcast and forecast | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Early identification of potential hydrocarbon basins | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Mapping geological features | on-shore | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Ecosystem valuation of potential sites | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Baseline historic mapping of environment and ecosystems | on-shore | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enabling survey to understand structural properties of the sub-surface for infrastructure planning | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Engineering geological evaluation | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Environmental conditions | CLS | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Estimating ground bearing capacity | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads | on-shore | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Firemapping | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Support to seismic crews for planning surveys and H&S | on-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fish and fish habitat | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Flagging environmentally sensitive areas prior to seismic surveys | OTM | Seismic planning | Identify environmentally sensitive areas | on-shore | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Floodplain mapping | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Natural hazard risk analysis | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Forecasting landslide locations | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads | on-shore | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Forecasting river migration patterns | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads | on-shore | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Forecasting sand dune migration | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Funnel-clouds and waterspouts | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Geohazard exposure analysis | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Natural hazard risk analysis | on-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Geological and terrain base maps for development of environmental baseline | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Baseline historic mapping of environment and ecosystems | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hail | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Historic metocean data for high level risk assessment | CLS | Metocean | Risk assessment | off-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Historic records of currents at depth | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Historical records for surface currents | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Historic records for waves | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Historic records for winds | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Historic tropical storm/tropical cyclone probability and tracks | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Hurricane tracks | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ice accretion | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Identification of archaeological or burial sites | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Identification of fault lines | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Structural interpretation | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Identification of road or track for logistics planning | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Identification of seasonal environment changes e.g. migration patterns | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Identification of seasonal obstructions to logistics activities | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Identify areas with soft sediments to avoid strong attenuation | Hatfield | Seismic planning | Areas of poor coupling | on-shore | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Identify communication between producing zones | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Reservoir management | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Identify the causes of geological movement | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Structural interpretation | on-shore | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Identifying conflicting sources of seismic signals | OTM | Seismic planning | Areas of poor coupling | on-shore | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying effect of fault line reactivation | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Land motion | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| Identifying existing O&G infrastructure for facility site selection | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Identifying ground conditions susceptible to poor coupling | OTM | Seismic planning | Areas of poor coupling | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying munitions debris (UOX) | OTM | Seismic planning | Identification of adverse terrain for trafficability | on-shore | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Identifying near surface infrastructure | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Identifying potential hydrocarbon seepage | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Lithological discrimination | on-shore | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying seasonal terrain changes eg for access | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Terrain evaluation and geo-morphology characterisation | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying soft ground for seismic vehicles | OTM | Seismic planning | Identification of adverse terrain for trafficability | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying sources of building resources | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Identifying steep terrain for seismic vehicles | OTM | Seismic planning | Identification of adverse terrain for trafficability | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Identifying unregulated overhead power lines | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Support to seismic crews for planning surveys and H&S | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Identifying variations in trafficability for seismic vehicles | OTM | Seismic planning | Identification of adverse terrain for trafficability | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Information on presence and abundance of deep water fauna | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Information on the intertidal and shallow marine environment | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Inputs for numerical model | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Land use mapping to detect the social impact of O&G developments | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Lightning | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Locating repeater stations for communications infrastructure | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Support to seismic crews for planning surveys and H&S | on-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Logistics planning for emergency events | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Support to seismic crews for planning surveys and H&S | on-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Mapping of environmental degradation (change) | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Model validation | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Monitoring flash floods | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Natural hazard risk analysis | on-shore | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Monitoring ground movement along pipelines | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Infrastructure monitoring | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Monitoring hydrocarbon leaks | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Monitoring of chlorophyl-a productivity and harmful algal blooms (HAB) | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Monitoring of landfall site recovery and coastal vegetation | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Monitoring of waste management practices | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Monitoring water discharge/drill cuttings | CLS | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Monitoring natural fault movement | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | land motion | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Monitoring revegetation | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Natural and other existing oil seeps | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Obtaining detailed terrain mapping for DEM correction | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Terrain evaluation and geo-morphology characterisation | on-shore | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Planning around protected sites | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Planning secondary surveys | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Support to surveying crews for planning surveys and H&S | on-shore | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pre-licensing site selection | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Baseline historic mapping of environment and ecosystems | on-shore | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Reconnaissance survey for EIA | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Baseline historic mapping of environment and ecosystems | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Regulatory verification relating to injection of fracking fluids | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | reservoir management | on-shore | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Remote supervision of operations | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Resettlement assessment | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads | on-shore | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Scientific independence in environmental monitoring of pollution | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Sea level | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Sea surface temperatures | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Security and safety | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Security of pipelines | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Seismic survey current velocities | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Seismic survey sound propagation properties | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Selection of development sites | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Selection of the drilling rig | CLS | Metocean | | off-shore | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Shipwrecks and other archaeological value areas | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Squalls | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Submarine landslides and seabed stability | C-CORE | Environmental monitoring | | off-shore | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Subsidence from reservoir draw-down | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | reservoir management | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Surface current observations | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Surface infrastructure movement relative to sub-surface | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | infrastructure monitoring | on-shore | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Technical verification relating to injection of fracking fluids | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | reservoir management | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Tracking fluid migration in the sub-surface | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | reservoir management | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Tracking groundwater tables | OTM | Subsidence monitoring | Land motion relating to fault lines or other sources | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Tracking volume of oil stored | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Tropical storm/tropical cyclone observations | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Understanding activity beneath the tree canopy | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Understanding outcrop mineralology | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Lithological discrimination | on-shore | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Understanding the near-surface for anticipating seismic signal absorption properties | OTM | Surface geology mapping | Lithological discrimination | on-shore | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Understanding the near-surface for explosive charge placement | OTM | Seismic planning | Areas of poor coupling | on-shore | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Understanding security situations | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Facility siting, pipeline routing and roads. | on-shore | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Urban encroachment on O&G assets | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Validating co-ordinates of old wells | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Baseline mapping of terrain and infrastructure | on-shore | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vegetation encroachment on O&G assets | OTM | Logistics planning and operations | Monitoring of assets | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Visibility | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Wave observations | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Water quality monitoring | OTM | Environmental monitoring | Continuous monitoring of changes throughout the lifecycle | on-shore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Wind observations | C-CORE | Metocean | | off-shore | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
