Product Description
Description
Product Specifications
Table
An algal bloom, also known as an algae bloom, occurs when there is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae within marine water systems. These blooms are often recognizable by the distinct discoloration of the water caused by the pigments produced by the algae. An example of a macroscopic algal bloom is the majestic kelp forest. Algal blooming is relevant for
- Water Quality and Navigation: Algal blooms can reduce water clarity due to the increased presence of algae and other suspended particles. This reduced visibility affects navigation for ships, especially in coastal areas and harbours. Shipping vessels rely on clear water to safely navigate, avoiding collisions with other ships, underwater obstacles, or shallow areas.
- Biofouling: Algal blooms contribute to biofouling, where algae and other organisms attach to the hulls of ships. Biofouling can increase drag, reduce fuel efficiency, and impact vessel performance. It also facilitates the transport of invasive species across different regions.
- Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): Some algal blooms produce toxins harmful to marine life and humans. These are known as HABs. HABs can lead to fish kills, affecting local fisheries and disrupting the food chain. Shipping vessels may inadvertently transport toxic algae or their spores to new areas, exacerbating HABs.
- Ballast Water Exchange: Ships use ballast water to maintain stability during voyages. However, this water often contains algae and other organisms. To prevent the spread of invasive species, international regulations require ships to exchange ballast water in open seas. Proper ballast water management is crucial to prevent the unintentional transfer of algal species.
Product Specifications
BUSINESS PROCESS | SCE, ELD |
DESCRIPTION | Algae blooming is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae within marine water systems. |
EO INFORMATION OF INTEREST | Chlorophyll-a concentration, a pigment found in algae and phytoplankton. Changes in chlorophyll concentration can indicate the presence of harmful algal blooms. |
MAIN PROCESS STEPS | Correct for sensor-specific biases, atmospheric effects, and sensor gain/offset. Rectify geometric distortions due to Earth’s curvature and sensor viewing angles. Remove cloudy or obstructed pixels. Identify the spectral bands sensitive to chlorophyll fluorescence (e.g., red and far-red wavelengths) |
INPUT DATA SOURCE | Passive sensors, such as Modis-Aqua, NPP-VIIRS and NOAA20 -VIIRS and Senitnel-3 OLCI A and B. Sentinel-2 A & B MSI are used for high resolution products. In situ measurements used for assimilation/validation |
SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND COVERAGE | Artic and Baltic at 300m – 1 km |
ACCURACY / CONSTRAINS | Varying depending on sensors and locations |
TEMPORAL RESOLUTION/ | Daily, Monthly |
UPDATE FREQUENCY | Arctic and Baltic: 1- 3 days |
DELIVERY / OUTPUT FORMAT | NetCDF-3 |
ACCESSIBILITY | Copernicus Ocean Service |
LIMITATIONS | Cloud cover |
Business Process Challenges
Ship Certification (SCE) Challenges
Business Process Challenges
Ship Design (SD) Challenges
- SD-1 Environmental Conditions
- SD-2 Defining Ice Class for Vessels
- SD-3 Vessel Concept, dimensions, and design
- SD-4 Material Selection in Ship Design Phase
- SD-5 Deciding design temperature (based on intended operations)
Ship Construction (SC) Challenges
- SC-1 Lifting Operations
- SC-2 Tow Operations
- SC-3 Planning of Sea Trials Outside of Ice Season
- SC-4 Avoiding Ice During Sea Trials
- SC-5 Planning of Sea Ice Trials
- SC-6 Finding Suitable Ice During Sea Trials
- SC-7 Ship Operation in Ice During Sea Trials
Ship Certification (SCE) Challenges
- SCE-1 Defining Operational Limit Temperatures
- SCE-2 Icing Prediction for Vessel Certification
- SCE-3 Risk Assessment for Operations in Ice
- SCE-4 Strategic Planning using Polaris
- SCE-5 Monitoring Ship Icing Conditions During Voyage
- SCE-6 Monitoring Sea Ice Conditions During Voyage
- SCE-7 Defining Design Parameters for Ship Class Rules
- SCE-8 Ship Emission Monitoring
- SCE-9 Ship Monitoring, Location and Operation
- SCE-10 Oil and Substance Spill Monitoring
Insurance (IN) Challenges
- IN-1 Incident Investigation
- IN-2 Understanding the Current and Future Expected Conditions
- IN-3 Ensure compliance of portfolio with Poseidon Principles
- IN-4 Risk evaluating vessels according to POLARIS
Ship Operation (SO) Challenges
- SO-1 Navigating Through Ice
- SO-2 Avoiding Ice Edge
- SO-3 Navigating Along (or just inside) the Ice Edge
- SO-4 Avoiding Ship Icing Conditions
- SO-5 Avoiding Sea Ice
- SO-6 Oil Spill Monitoring
- SO-7 Avoiding Snow Cover on Ice
- SO-8 Strategic Planning
- SO-9 Risk Analysis According to POLARIS
- SO-10 Search & Rescue Operations
- SO-11 Monitoring Vessels Without AIS Transponder
- SO-12 Navigating Waters with Poor Charting
End of Life Vessel Disposal (ELD) Challenges
ELD-1 Weather condition monitoring- ELD-2 Environmental impact monitoring of operations impact to local natureELD-3 Authority monitoring of vessels on their way for scrapping