EO Products / Link to pagePicture Sea surface temperature
Arctic Sea surface temperature products (on the left SST and on the right min SST) based upon observations from the Metop_A AVHRR instrument. The products are a daily interpolated field with a 0.05 degrees resolution, and covers surface temperatures in the ocean, the sea ice and the marginal ice zone.
Source: https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/viewer/expert?view=dataset&dataset=SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_008
Product Description
DescriptionSeveral satellite instruments are used to measure sea surface temperature (SST) with high accuracy based on the principles of infrared radiation, which is emitted by the Earth's surface, including the ocean. Table 1 shows some satellite instruments for measuring SST.
Product Specifications
Table
BUSINESS PROCESS | SCE |
DESCRIPTION | Sea surface temperature (SST) is a measurement of the ocean’s temperature close to the surface |
EO INFORMATION OF INTEREST | Sea surface temperature (SST) details the sea temperature between the depths of from approximately 10 µm below the surface (infrared bands) to 1mm (microwave bands) depths using radiometers. |
MAIN PROCESS STEPS | Data is gathered from different satellites, Metop-A, VIIRS_NPP, NOAA 20 and Sentinel A and B. SST data is corrected for bias and then processed through optimal interpolation creating temperature maps. Temperatures data is validated using both drifting and moored in situ buoys. Data which contains clouds or more than 70% ice is discarded. |
INPUT DATA SOURCE | Infrared data from AVHRR on Metop-A, VIIRS_NPP, and NOAA 20. SLSTR data from Sentinel 3 A and B |
SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND COVERAGE | Arctic: 6km from 1982-ongoing Baltic: 2km from 1982-ongoing 4-9km day and night capability VIIRS and MODIS from 2002 - ongoing |
ACCURACY / CONSTRAINS | The cloud cover makes measurement and consequently the generation of the product impossible |
LIMITATIONS | Cloud cover. The interpretation of data can indeed be challenging, especially when handled by personnel without extensive experience in the field. |
TEMPORAL RESOLUTION/ | Various products with various frequency, including hourly, daily mean and monthly |
UPDATE FREQUENCY | Various products with various frequency, including daily-monthly-yearly- twice yearly |
DELIVERY / OUTPUT FORMAT | NetCDF-3 |
ACCESSIBILITY | Copernicus marine service, NASA LAADS DAAC |
Business Process Challenges
Ship Certification (SCE) Challenges
Business Process Challenges
Ship Design (SD) Challenges
- SD-1 Environmental Conditions
- SD-2 Defining Ice Class for Vessels
- SD-3 Vessel Concept, dimensions, and design
- SD-4 Material Selection in Ship Design Phase
- SD-5 Deciding design temperature (based on intended operations)
Ship Construction (SC) Challenges
- SC-1 Lifting Operations
- SC-2 Tow Operations
- SC-3 Planning of Sea Trials Outside of Ice Season
- SC-4 Avoiding Ice During Sea Trials
- SC-5 Planning of Sea Ice Trials
- SC-6 Finding Suitable Ice During Sea Trials
- SC-7 Ship Operation in Ice During Sea Trials
Ship Certification (SCE) Challenges
- SCE-1 Defining Operational Limit Temperatures
- SCE-2 Icing Prediction for Vessel Certification
- SCE-3 Risk Assessment for Operations in Ice
- SCE-4 Strategic Planning using Polaris
- SCE-5 Monitoring Ship Icing Conditions During Voyage
- SCE-6 Monitoring Sea Ice Conditions During Voyage
- SCE-7 Defining Design Parameters for Ship Class Rules
- SCE-8 Ship Emission Monitoring
- SCE-9 Ship Monitoring, Location and Operation
- SCE-10 Oil and Substance Spill Monitoring
Insurance (IN) Challenges
- IN-1 Incident Investigation
- IN-2 Understanding the Current and Future Expected Conditions
- IN-3 Ensure compliance of portfolio with Poseidon Principles
- IN-4 Risk evaluating vessels according to POLARIS
Ship Operation (SO) Challenges
- SO-1 Navigating Through Ice
- SO-2 Avoiding Ice Edge
- SO-3 Navigating Along (or just inside) the Ice Edge
- SO-4 Avoiding Ship Icing Conditions
- SO-5 Avoiding Sea Ice
- SO-6 Oil Spill Monitoring
- SO-7 Avoiding Snow Cover on Ice
- SO-8 Strategic Planning
- SO-9 Risk Analysis According to POLARIS
- SO-10 Search & Rescue Operations
- SO-11 Monitoring Vessels Without AIS Transponder
- SO-12 Navigating Waters with Poor Charting